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Gablonz (Jablonec nad Nisou) is a city in the Czech Republic, in Bohemia, that is a centre of jewellery making. Before World War II, Gablonz was a centre of high-quality glass-blowing, bead-making, and other costume-jewellery related products.

Gagate, popularly known as jet, is fossilized coal. It is a hard, lustrous black stone that was used in mourning jewellery during the Victorian era, especially after Queen Victoria's husband died and she went into a long-lasting mourning, affecting fashion.

Jet is frequently cabochon cut.

Jet leaves a brown streak. When burnt with a red-hot needle, jet smells like coal Black glass and plastics are often used to imitate jet (glass is much heavier and harder than jet) - jet is warm to the touch.

Gagate has been mined near Whitby,on the Yorkshire coast of England, since prehistoric times. It is also found in Spain. France, Germany, and Russia, but these other sources are said to be inferior to the harder, more elastic Whitby jet.

Jet or gagate has a hardness of 2.5-4 (quite soft) and a specific gravity of 1.30-1.35 (it is relatively lightweight)

A gallery is a strip of metal that is perforated with a decorative pattern.

Open galleries can be adapted by jewellers to use as a ready-made claw setting for gemstones

Garniture is a set of ornaments for the chimneypiece. In the late 1600’s it referred to porcelain vases. Later they could be silver or bronze. Clocks flanked by matching candlesticks were popular in the 1700/s and 1800’s.

A gemstone, also called a precious stone, is a mineral that is valuable, rare and often beautiful. A few organic materials, like amber, coral and pearls are also considered gemstones

Although some gems can be identified by their colour or hardness, many need technical examination to establish authenticity. Among the factors crucial in establishing the value of a stone are its carat weight, colour, brilliance, and cut.

The colour of a gemstone depends on the natural impurities dispersed throughout the stone. Colour is the least dependable means of identification, as many types of stone exist in a range of colours, and some stones are heat treated to improve their colour.

Most natural gemstones have inclusions, which reduce their brilliance; these will be removed as far as possible, by a gem cutter. Synthetic stones and paste and glass imitations, may be identified by their lack of inclusions, although paste will sometimes contain bubbles.

Gemstones are cut to enhance their clarity and brilliance, as the different facets of a cut stone alter the amount of refracted light escaping from it. There are many different styles of cut: the brilliant cut, rose cut, old cut, and eight cut are among the most common. Heavily flawed stones are usually cabouchon-cut giving an unfaceted but polished surface.

German silver, also know as nickel silver, is an alloy consisting of mostly copper (roughly 60 percent), and approximately 20 percent nickel, and around 20 percent zinc.

When approximately 5 percent tin is added, the alloy is called alpaca.

There is no silver at all in German silver.

This alloy was invented around 1860 in Germany as a silver substitute.

See also Alpaca and Nickel Silver

A gimmel ring is a double ring that was designed during the Renaissance. It consists of two or more interlocking rings.

A gimmel ring symbolizes the union of two people

The girdle is the widest perimeter of a gemstone

Glass is often used in jewellery, as beads, faceted or spherical, rhinestones and as poured glass

Hard shiny layer on the surface of a fired ceramic